Featured Publications

Andrey Tokarev, Lyle R. McKinnon, Amélie Pagliuzza, Aida Sivro, Tosin E. Omole, Eugene Kroon, Nitiya Chomchey, Nittaya Phanuphak, Alexandra Schuetz, Merlin L. Robb, Michael A. Eller, Jintanat Ananworanich, Nicolas Chomont, Diane L. Bolton, on behalf of the RV254/SEARCH010 Study Groups.Preferential infection of α4β7+ memory CD4+ T cells during early acute HIV-1 infection.

Clinical Infectious Diseases(2020), April;29,10.1093/cid/ciaa497

Aida Sivro, Ruth Mwatelah, Cheli Kambaran, Henok Gebrebrhan, Michael G. Becker, Huiting Ma, Nichole R. Klatt, Alexander S. Zevin, Nzioki King’ola, Sammy Wambua, Peter Gichangi, Eve Cheuk, Paul J. McLaren, Sharmistha Mishra, Marissa Becker, Lyle R. McKinnon. Sex Work and Sexual Behaviour: Associations with Vaginal Microbiome and Cytokine Profiles in Young Women from Mombasa, Kenya. JAIDS (In Press)

Refilwe Molatlhegi, Lenine J. Liebenberg, Alasdair Leslie, Laura Noel-Romas, Amanda Mabhula, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Michelle Perner, Sinaye Ngcapu, Boikhutso Tlou, John H. Adamson, Katya Govender, Nigel J. Garrett, Natasha Samsunder, Adam D. Burgener, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Jo-Ann S. Passmore, Lyle R. McKinnon.Plasma concentration of injectable contraceptive correlates with reduced cervicovaginal growth factor expression in South African women. Mucosal Immunol. 2020 May;13(3):449-459. doi: 10.1038/s41385-019-0249-y. Epub 2020 Jan 2.

Lenine JP Liebenberg*, Lyle R McKinnon*, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma* (co-first authors), Nigel Garrett, Cheryl Baxter, Ayesha BM Kharsany, Derseree Archary, Anne Rositch, Natasha Samsunder, Leila E Mansoor, Jo-Ann S Passmore, Salim S Abdool Karim and Quarraisha Abdool Karim. HPV infection and the genital cytokine milieu in women at high risk of HIV acquisition. Nature Communications (2019) 10(1):5227.

Lyle R. McKinnon, Sharon L. Achilles, Catriona S. Bradshaw, Adam Burgener, Tania Crucitti, David N. Fredricks, Heather B. Jaspan, Rupert Kaul, Charu Kaushic, Nichole Klatt, Douglas S. Kwon, Jeanne M. Marrazzo, Lindi Masson, R. Scott McClelland, Jacques Ravel, Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert, Lenka A.Vodstrcil, Gilda Tachedjian. The evolving facets of bacterial vaginosis: implications for HIV transmission. AIDS Research Human Retroviruses (2019) 35(3):219-228.

Lyle R. McKinnon, Lenine J. Liebenberg, Nonhlanhla Yende, Derseree Archary, Sinaye Ngcapu, Aida Sivro, Nico Nagelkerke, Gerardo Garcia Lerma, Walid Heneine, Angela D. Kashuba, Douglas S. Kwon, Lindi Masson, Leila Mansoor, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Jo-Ann S. Passmore. Genital inflammation undermines TFV gel-mediated protection from HIV infection in women.

Nature Medicine (2018) May;24(4):491-496.

Aida Sivro, Alexandra Schuetz, Daniel Sheward, Vineet Joag, Sergey Yegorov, Lenine J. Liebenberg, Nonhlanhla Yende, Andrew Stalker, Ruth S. Mwatelah, Philippe Selhorst, Nigel Garrett, Natasha Samsunder, Anisha Balgobin, Fatima Nawaz, Claudia Cicala, James Arthos, Anthony S. Fauci, A. Omu Anzala, Joshua Kimani, Bernard S. Bagaya, Noah Kiwanuka, Carolyn Williamson, Rupert Kaul, Jo-Ann S. Passmore, Nittaya Phanuphak, Jintanat Ananworanich, Aftab Ansari, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Lyle R. McKinnon, on behalf of the CAPRISA004 and RV254 study groups. Integrin α4β7 expression on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells predicts HIV acquisition and disease progression outcomes. Science Translational Medicine (2018) Jan 24;10(425).

Aida Sivro, Lyle R. McKinnon, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Santhana Gengiah, Natasha Samsunder, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Kogieleum Naidoo. Plasma cytokine predictors of TB recurrence in antiretroviral-treated HIV- infected individuals from Durban, South Africa. Clinical Infectious Diseases (2017) Sep 1;65(5):819-826.

Cremin I, L. McKinnon, J. Kimani, N. Kilonzo, P. Cherutich, G. Gakii, F. Muriuki, K. Kripke, S. Resch, R. Hecht, M. Kiragu, J. Smith, W. Hinsley, L. Gelmon, T. Hallett.PrEP for key populations in combination HIV prevention in Nairobi: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet HIV (2017) 4(5):e214-e222.

Kelly B. Arnold, Adam Burgener, Kenzie Birse, Laura Romas, Laura J. Dunphy, Kamnoosh Shahabi, Max Abou, Jessie Kwatampora, Billy Nyanga, Joshua Kimani, Lenine Liebenberg, Lindi Masson, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Jo-Ann Passmore, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Rupert Kaul, Lyle R. McKinnon. Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in the female reproductive tract are associated with altered expression of proteases, mucosal barrier proteins, and an influx of HIV susceptible target cells. Mucosal Immunology (2016) Jan;9(1):194-205.

Vineet R. Joag, Lyle R. McKinnon, Jun Liu, Segen T. Kidane, Mark H. Yudin, Billy Nyanga, Steve Kimwaki, Kate E. Besel, James O. Obila, Sanja Huibner, Julius O. Oyugi, James Arthos, Omu Anzala, Joshua Kimani, Mario A. Ostrowski, Rupert Kaul, Toronto HIV Research Group. Identification of preferential CD4+ T cell targets for HIV infection in the cervix. Mucosal Immunology 2016 Jan;9(1):1-12.

Lyle R. McKinnon, Billy Nyanga, Connie J. Kim, Preston Izulla, Jessie Kwatampora, Makobu Kimani, Kamnoosh Shahabi, Nelly Mugo, Jennifer Smith, A. Omu Anzala, Joshua Kimani, Rupert Kaul. Early HIV-1 infection is associated with reduced frequencies of cervical Th17 cells. JAIDS (2015) Jan 1;68(1):6-12.

Follow the Link here to get the full list

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=lyle+mckinnon

Endocervical Regulatory T Cells Are Associated With Decreased Genital Inflammation and Lower HIV Target Cell Abundance

Aloysious Ssemaganda, Francois Cholette, Michelle Perner, Cheli Kambaran, Wendy Adhiambo, Peter M. Wambugu, Henok Gebrebrhan, Amy Lee, Faisal Nuhu, Ruth S. Mwatelah, Naima Jahan, Tosin E. Omole, Tabitha Wanjiru, Apollo Gitau, Joshua Kimani and Lyle R. McKinnon,

Front. Immunol., 23 September 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.726472

Beyond biomedical and comorbidity approaches: Exploring associations between affinity group membership, health and health seeking behaviour among MSM/MSW in Nairobi, Kenya.

Doshi M, Macharia P, Mathenge J, Musyoki H, Amico KR, Battacharjee P, Blanchard J, Reza-Paul S, McKinnon LR, Kimani J, Lorway RR.

Glob Public Health. 2020 Mar 15:1-17. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1739729. [Epub ahead of print]

PMID:32172670

Plasma concentration of injectable contraceptive correlates with reduced cervicovaginal growth factor expression in South African women.

Molatlhegi RP, Liebenberg LJ, Leslie A, Noel-Romas L, Mabhula A, Mchunu N, Perner M, Birse K, Ngcapu S, Adamson JH, Govender K, Garrett NJ, Samsunder N, Burgener AD, Abdool Karim SS, Abdool Karim Q, Passmore JS, McKinnon LR.

Mucosal Immunol. 2020 May;13(3):449-459. doi: 10.1038/s41385-019-0249-y. Epub 2020 Jan 2.

PMID:31896762

HPV infection and the genital cytokine milieu in women at high risk of HIV acquisition.

Liebenberg LJP, McKinnon LR, Yende-Zuma N, Garrett N, Baxter C, Kharsany ABM, Archary D, Rositch A, Samsunder N, Mansoor LE, Passmore JS, Abdool Karim SS, Abdool Karim Q.

Nat Commun. 2019 Nov 19;10(1):5227. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13089-2.

PMID:31745084

Mechanisms of sexually transmitted infection-induced inflammation in women: implications for HIV risk.

Mwatelah R, McKinnon LR, Baxter C, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS.

J Int AIDS Soc. 2019 Aug;22 Suppl 6:e25346. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25346.

PMID:31468677

Diminished HIV Infection of Target CD4+ T Cells in a Toll-Like Receptor 4 Stimulated in vitro Model.

Cromarty R, Sigal A, Liebenberg LJP, McKinnon LR, Abdool Karim SS, Passmore JS, Archary D.

Front Immunol. 2019 Jul 23;10:1705. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01705. eCollection 2019.

PMID:31396221

A mucosal barrier for topical HIV PrEP?

Masson L, McKinnon LR.

Lancet HIV. 2019 Aug;6(8):e484-e485. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30187-0. Epub 2019 Jul 15. No abstract available.

PMID:31320289

Detection of Tuberculosis Recurrence, Diagnosis and Treatment Response by a Blood Transcriptomic Risk Signature in HIV-Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy.

Darboe F, Mbandi SK, Naidoo K, Yende-Zuma N, Lewis L, Thompson EG, Duffy FJ, Fisher M, Filander E, van Rooyen M, Bilek N, Mabwe S, McKinnon LR, Chegou N, Loxton A, Walzl G, Tromp G, Padayatchi N, Govender D, Hatherill M, Karim SA, Zak DE, Penn-Nicholson A, Scriba TJ; SATVI Clinical Immunology Team.

Front Microbiol. 2019 Jun 26;10:1441. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01441. eCollection 2019.

PMID:31297103

The genital tract and rectal microbiomes: their role in HIV susceptibility and prevention in women.

Abdool Karim SS, Baxter C, Passmore JS, McKinnon LR, Williams BL.

J Int AIDS Soc. 2019 May;22(5):e25300. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25300. Review.

PMID:31144462

Assessing the influence of conflict on the dynamics of sex work and the HIV and HCV epidemics in Ukraine: protocol for an observational, ethnographic, and mathematical modeling study.

Becker M, Balakireva O, Pavlova D, Isac S, Cheuk E, Roberts E, Forget E, Ma H, Lazarus L, Sandstrom P, Blanchard J, Mishra S, Lorway R, Pickles M; Dynamics Study Team.

BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2019 May 20;19(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12914-019-0201-y.

PMID:31109323

The Evolving Facets of Bacterial Vaginosis: Implications for HIV Transmission.

McKinnon LR, Achilles SL, Bradshaw CS, Burgener A, Crucitti T, Fredricks DN, Jaspan HB, Kaul R, Kaushic C, Klatt N, Kwon DS, Marrazzo JM, Masson L, McClelland RS, Ravel J, van de Wijgert JHHM, Vodstrcil LA, Tachedjian G.

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2019 Mar;35(3):219-228. doi: 10.1089/AID.2018.0304.

Ex vivo HIV entry into blood CD4+ T cells does not predict heterosexual HIV acquisition in women.

Joag V, Sivro A, Yende-Zuma N, Imam H, Samsunder N, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim S, McKinnon L, Kaul R.

PLoS One. 2018 Jul 9;13(7):e0200359. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200359. eCollection 2018.

PMID:29985942

Live Attenuated Zoster Vaccine Boosts Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)-Specific Humoral Responses Systemically and at the Cervicovaginal Mucosa of Kenyan VZV-Seropositive Women.

Perciani CT, Sekhon M, Hundal S, Farah B, Ostrowski MA, Anzala AO, McKinnon LR, Jaoko W, MacDonald KS; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (UNITID) Group and the Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative–Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR) Team.

J Infect Dis. 2018 Sep 8;218(8):1210-1218. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy320.

PMID:29800309

Genital inflammation undermines the effectiveness of tenofovir gel in preventing HIV acquisition in women.

McKinnon LR, Liebenberg LJ, Yende-Zuma N, Archary D, Ngcapu S, Sivro A, Nagelkerke N, Garcia Lerma JG, Kashuba AD, Masson L, Mansoor LE, Karim QA, Karim SSA, Passmore JS.

Nat Med. 2018 May;24(4):491-496. doi: 10.1038/nm.4506. Epub 2018 Feb 26.

PMID:29480895

Integrin α4β7 expression on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells predicts HIV acquisition and disease progression outcomes.

Sivro A, Schuetz A, Sheward D, Joag V, Yegorov S, Liebenberg LJ, Yende-Zuma N, Stalker A, Mwatelah RS, Selhorst P, Garrett N, Samsunder N, Balgobin A, Nawaz F, Cicala C, Arthos J, Fauci AS, Anzala AO, Kimani J, Bagaya BS, Kiwanuka N, Williamson C, Kaul R, Passmore JS, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Ansari A, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, McKinnon LR; CAPRISA004 and RV254 study groups.

Sci Transl Med. 2018 Jan 24;10(425). pii: eaam6354. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6354.

PMID:29367348

Mucosal HIV Shedding During ART.

Sivro A, McKinnon LR.

J Infect Dis. 2017 Dec 19;216(12):1484-1486. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jix551. No abstract available.

PMID:29240894

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains induce strain-specific cytokine and chemokine response in pulmonary epithelial cells.

Mvubu NE, Pillay B, McKinnon LR, Pillay M.

Cytokine. 2018 Apr;104:53-64. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.027. Epub 2017 Oct 9.

PMID:29032986

Plasma Cytokine Predictors of Tuberculosis Recurrence in Antiretroviral-Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Individuals from Durban, South Africa.

Sivro A, McKinnon LR, Yende-Zuma N, Gengiah S, Samsunder N, Abdool Karim SS, Naidoo K.

Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Sep 1;65(5):819-826. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix357.

PMID:29017282

Vaginal bacteria modify HIV tenofovir microbicide efficacy in African women.

Klatt NR, Cheu R, Birse K, Zevin AS, Perner M, Noël-Romas L, Grobler A, Westmacott G, Xie IY, Butler J, Mansoor L, McKinnon LR, Passmore JS, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Burgener AD.

Science. 2017 Jun 2;356(6341):938-945. doi: 10.1126/science.aai9383.

PMID:28572388

PrEP for key populations in combination HIV prevention in Nairobi: a mathematical modelling study.

Cremin I, McKinnon L, Kimani J, Cherutich P, Gakii G, Muriuki F, Kripke K, Hecht R, Kiragu M, Smith J, Hinsley W, Gelmon L, Hallett TB.

Lancet HIV. 2017 May;4(5):e214-e222. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30021-8. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

PMID:28233660

Genital-Systemic Chemokine Gradients and the Risk of HIV Acquisition in Women.

Liebenberg LJ, Masson L, Arnold KB, Mckinnon LR, Werner L, Proctor E, Archary D, Mansoor LE, Lauffenburger DA, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Passmore JS.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 Mar 1;74(3):318-325. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001218.

PMID:8187085

Sustained virologic control in SIV+ macaques after antiretroviral and α4β7 antibody therapy.

Byrareddy SN, Arthos J, Cicala C, Villinger F, Ortiz KT, Little D, Sidell N, Kane MA, Yu J, Jones JW, Santangelo PJ, Zurla C, McKinnon LR, Arnold KB, Woody CE, Walter L, Roos C, Noll A, Van Ryk D, Jelicic K, Cimbro R, Gumber S, Reid MD, Adsay V, Amancha PK, Mayne AE, Parslow TG, Fauci AS, Ansari AA.

Science. 2016 Oct 14;354(6309):197-202.

PMID:27738167

Microbiome Composition and Function Drives Wound-Healing Impairment in the Female Genital Tract.

Zevin AS, Xie IY, Birse K, Arnold K, Romas L, Westmacott G, Novak RM, McCorrister S, McKinnon LR, Cohen CR, Mackelprang R, Lingappa J, Lauffenburger DA, Klatt NR, Burgener AD.

PLoS Pathog. 2016 Sep 22;12(9):e1005889. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005889. eCollection 2016 Sep.

PMID:27656899

Interleukin 1-Beta (IL-1β) Production by Innate Cells Following TLR Stimulation Correlates With TB Recurrence in ART-Treated HIV-Infected Patients.

Thobakgale C, Naidoo K, McKinnon LR, Werner L, Samsunder N, Karim SA, Ndungʼu T, Altfeld M, Naidoo K.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 Feb 1;74(2):213-220. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001181.

PMID:27654812

Factors Driving the HIV Epidemic in Southern Africa.

McKinnon LR, Karim QA.

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2016 Jun;13(3):158-69. doi: 10.1007/s11904-016-0314-z. Review.

PMID:27137200

Descriptive Epidemiology of Factors Associated with HIV Infections Among Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men in South India.

Shaw SY, Lorway R, Bhattacharjee P, Reza-Paul S, du Plessis E, McKinnon L, Thompson LH, Isac S, Ramesh BM, Washington R, Moses S, Blanchard JF.

LGBT Health. 2016 Aug;3(4):292-9. doi: 10.1089/lgbt.2015.0023. Epub 2016 Apr 8.

PMID:27058882

Microbial translocation and microbiome dysbiosis in HIV-associated immune activation.

Zevin AS, McKinnon L, Burgener A, Klatt NR.

Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2016 Mar;11(2):182-90. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000234. Review.

PMID:26679414

Strengthening HIV surveillance in the antiretroviral therapy era: rationale and design of a longitudinal study to monitor HIV prevalence and incidence in the uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Kharsany AB, Cawood C, Khanyile D, Grobler A, Mckinnon LR, Samsunder N, Frohlich JA, Abdool Karim Q, Puren A, Welte A, George G, Govender K, Toledo C, Chipeta Z, Zembe L, Glenshaw MT, Madurai L, Deyde VM, Bere A.

BMC Public Health. 2015 Nov 20;15:1149. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-2179-2.

PMID:26588902

Relationship between female genital tract infections, mucosal interleukin-17 production and local T helper type 17 cells.

Masson L, Salkinder AL, Olivier AJ, McKinnon LR, Gamieldien H, Mlisana K, Scriba TJ, Lewis DA, Little F, Jaspan HB, Ronacher K, Denny L, Abdool Karim SS, Passmore JA.

Immunology. 2015 Dec;146(4):557-67. doi: 10.1111/imm.12527. Epub 2015 Oct 23.

PMID:26302175

Correction: Non-Cationic Proteins Are Associated with HIV Neutralizing Activity in Genital Secretions of Female Sex Workers.

Birse KD, Cole AL, Hirbod T, McKinnon L, Ball TB, Westmacott GR, Kimani J, Plummer F, Cole AM, Burgener A, Broliden K.

PLoS One. 2015 Jul 21;10(7):e0134196. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134196. eCollection 2015. No abstract available.

PMID:26197227

Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in the female reproductive tract are associated with altered expression of proteases, mucosal barrier proteins, and an influx of HIV-susceptible target cells.

Arnold KB, Burgener A, Birse K, Romas L, Dunphy LJ, Shahabi K, Abou M, Westmacott GR, McCorrister S, Kwatampora J, Nyanga B, Kimani J, Masson L, Liebenberg LJ, Abdool Karim SS, Passmore JA, Lauffenburger DA, Kaul R, McKinnon LR.

Mucosal Immunol. 2016 Jan;9(1):194-205. doi: 10.1038/mi.2015.51. Epub 2015 Jun 24.

PMID:26104913

Risk Factors for HIV Acquisition in a Prospective Nairobi-Based Female Sex Worker Cohort.

McKinnon LR, Izulla P, Nagelkerke N, Munyao J, Wanjiru T, Shaw SY, Gichuki R, Kariuki C, Muriuki F, Musyoki H, Gakii G, Gelmon L, Kaul R, Kimani J.

AIDS Behav. 2015 Dec;19(12):2204-13. doi: 10.1007/s10461-015-1118-7.

PMID:26091706

Non-Cationic Proteins Are Associated with HIV Neutralizing Activity in Genital Secretions of Female Sex Workers.

Birse KD, Cole AL, Hirbod T, McKinnon L, Ball TB, Westmacott GR, Kimani J, Plummer F, Cole AM, Burgener A, Broliden K.

PLoS One. 2015 Jun 19;10(6):e0130404. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130404. eCollection 2015. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0134196.

PMID:26090884

Repeat Use of Post-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Among Nairobi-Based Female Sex Workers Following Sexual Exposure.

Izulla P, McKinnon LR, Munyao J, Ireri N, Nagelkerke N, Gakii G, Gelmon L, Nangami M, Kaul R, Kimani J.

AIDS Behav. 2016 Jul;20(7):1549-55. doi: 10.1007/s10461-015-1091-1.

PMID:25969181

Lower concentrations of chemotactic cytokines and soluble innate factors in the lower female genital tract associated with the use of injectable hormonal contraceptive.

Ngcapu S, Masson L, Sibeko S, Werner L, McKinnon LR, Mlisana K, Shey M, Samsunder N, Karim SA, Karim QA, Passmore JA.

J Reprod Immunol. 2015 Aug;110:14-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.03.007. Epub 2015 Apr 22.

PMID:25956139

Inflammation and HIV Transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Kaul R, Prodger J, Joag V, Shannon B, Yegorov S, Galiwango R, McKinnon L.

Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015 Jun;12(2):216-22. doi: 10.1007/s11904-015-0269-5. Review.

PMID:25877253

Mx2 expression is associated with reduced susceptibility to HIV infection in highly exposed HIV seronegative Kenyan sex workers.

Stein DR, Shaw SY, McKinnon LR, Abou M, McCorrister SJ, Westmacott GR, Fowke KR, Plummer FA, Ball TB.

AIDS. 2015 Jan 2;29(1):35-41. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000490.

PMID:25562491

Early HIV-1 infection is associated with reduced frequencies of cervical Th17 cells.

McKinnon LR, Nyanga B, Kim CJ, Izulla P, Kwatampora J, Kimani M, Shahabi K, Mugo N, Smith JS, Anzala AO, Kimani J, Kaul R.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 Jan 1;68(1):6-12. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000389.

PMID:25296095

Defining genital tract cytokine signatures of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in women at high risk of HIV infection: a cross-sectional study.

Masson L, Mlisana K, Little F, Werner L, Mkhize NN, Ronacher K, Gamieldien H, Williamson C, Mckinnon LR, Walzl G, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, Passmore JA.

Sex Transm Infect. 2014 Dec;90(8):580-7. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2014-051601. Epub 2014 Aug 8.

PMID:25107710

Rapid disease progression in HIV-1 subtype C-infected South African women.

Mlisana K, Werner L, Garrett NJ, McKinnon LR, van Loggerenberg F, Passmore JA, Gray CM, Morris L, Williamson C, Abdool Karim SS; Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 002 Study Team.

Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 1;59(9):1322-31. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu573. Epub 2014 Jul 17.

PMID:25038116

Honing in on enteric fever.

McKinnon LR, Abdool Karim Q.

Elife. 2014 Jul 1;3:e03545. doi: 10.7554/eLife.03545.

PMID:24986861

Role of semen in altering the balance between inflammation and tolerance in the female genital tract: does it contribute to HIV risk?

Rametse CL, Olivier AJ, Masson L, Barnabas S, McKinnon LR, Ngcapu S, Liebenberg LJ, Jaumdally SZ, Gray CM, Jaspan HB, Passmore JA.

Viral Immunol. 2014 Jun;27(5):200-6. doi: 10.1089/vim.2013.0136. Epub 2014 May 12. Review.

PMID:24821528

The rise and fall of HIV in high-prevalence countries: a challenge for mathematical modeling.

Nagelkerke NJ, Arora P, Jha P, Williams B, McKinnon L, de Vlas SJ.

PLoS Comput Biol. 2014 Mar 13;10(3):e1003459. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003459. eCollection 2014 Mar. Review.

PMID:24626088

Optimizing viable leukocyte sampling from the female genital tract for clinical trials: an international multi-site study.

McKinnon LR, Hughes SM, De Rosa SC, Martinson JA, Plants J, Brady KE, Gumbi PP, Adams DJ, Vojtech L, Galloway CG, Fialkow M, Lentz G, Gao D, Shu Z, Nyanga B, Izulla P, Kimani J, Kimwaki S, Bere A, Moodie Z, Landay AL, Passmore JA, Kaul R, Novak RM, McElrath MJ, Hladik F.

PLoS One. 2014 Jan 15;9(1):e85675. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085675. eCollection 2014.

PMID:24454917

High HIV risk in a cohort of male sex workers from Nairobi, Kenya.

McKinnon LR, Gakii G, Juno JA, Izulla P, Munyao J, Ireri N, Kariuki CW, Shaw SY, Nagelkerke NJ, Gelmon L, Musyoki H, Muraguri N, Kaul R, Lorway R, Kimani J.

Sex Transm Infect. 2014 May;90(3):237-42. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051310. Epub 2013 Dec 13.

PMID:24337729

The role of dendritic cells in driving genital tract inflammation and HIV transmission risk: are there opportunities to intervene?

Shey MS, Garrett NJ, McKinnon LR, Passmore JA.

Innate Immun. 2015 Jan;21(1):99-112. doi: 10.1177/1753425913513815. Epub 2013 Nov 26. Review.

PMID:24282122

Mucosal Th17 cell function is altered during HIV infection and is an independent predictor of systemic immune activation.

Kim CJ, McKinnon LR, Kovacs C, Kandel G, Huibner S, Chege D, Shahabi K, Benko E, Loutfy M, Ostrowski M, Kaul R.

J Immunol. 2013 Sep 1;191(5):2164-73. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300829. Epub 2013 Jul 26.

PMID:23894197

Interferon regulatory factor 1 polymorphisms previously associated with reduced HIV susceptibility have no effect on HIV disease progression.

Sivro A, McKinnon LR, Ji H, Kimani J, Jaoko W, Plummer FA, Su RC, Ball TB.

PLoS One. 2013 Jun 14;8(6):e66253. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066253. Print 2013.

PMID:23799084

Enumeration of sex workers in the central business district of Nairobi, Kenya.

Kimani J, McKinnon LR, Wachihi C, Kusimba J, Gakii G, Birir S, Muthui M, Kariri A, Muriuki FK, Muraguri N, Musyoki H, Ball TB, Kaul R, Gelmon L.

PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54354. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054354. Epub 2013 Jan 25. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2013;8(11). doi:10.1371/annotation/29718092-c94c-4c98-b5a8-253a6252493a.

PMID:23372713

HIV-1 clade D is associated with increased rates of CD4 decline in a Kenyan cohort.

McKinnon LR, Nagelkerke NJ, Kaul R, Shaw SY, Capina R, Luo M, Kariri A, Apidi W, Kimani M, Wachihi C, Jaoko W, Anzala AO, Kimani J, Ball TB, Plummer FA.

PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49797. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049797. Epub 2012 Nov 21.

PMID:23185441

Genital immunology and HIV susceptibility in young women.

Yi TJ, Shannon B, Prodger J, McKinnon L, Kaul R.

Am J Reprod Immunol. 2013 Feb;69 Suppl 1:74-9. doi: 10.1111/aji.12035. Epub 2012 Nov 12. Review.

PMID:23157424

HIV postexposure prophylaxis in an urban population of female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.

Izulla P, McKinnon LR, Munyao J, Karanja S, Koima W, Parmeres J, Kamuti S, Kioko R, Nagelkerke N, Gakii G, Wachihi C, Muraguri N, Musyoki H, Gelmon L, Kaul R, Kimani J.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Feb 1;62(2):220-5. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318278ba1b.

PMID:23111574

Blunted IL17/IL22 and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in the genital tract and blood of HIV-exposed, seronegative female sex workers in Kenya.

Chege D, Chai Y, Huibner S, Kain T, Wachihi C, Kimani M, Barasa S, McKinnon LR, Muriuki FK, Kariri A, Jaoko W, Anzala O, Kimani J, Ball TB, Plummer FA, Kaul R.

PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43670. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043670. Epub 2012 Aug 22.

PMID:22928014

Does antiretroviral therapy initiation increase sexual risk taking in Kenyan female sex workers? A retrospective case-control study.

Mawji E, McKinnon L, Wachihi C, Chege D, Thottingal P, Kariri A, Plummer F, Ball TB, Jaoko W, Ngugi E, Kimani J, Gelmon L, Nagelkerke N, Kaul R.

BMJ Open. 2012 Apr 1;2(2):e000565. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000565. Print 2012.

PMID:22466157

Quality and quantity: mucosal CD4+ T cells and HIV susceptibility.

McKinnon LR, Kaul R.

Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2012 Mar;7(2):195-202. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e3283504941. Review.

PMID:22314505

Characterization of a human cervical CD4+ T cell subset coexpressing multiple markers of HIV susceptibility.

McKinnon LR, Nyanga B, Chege D, Izulla P, Kimani M, Huibner S, Gelmon L, Block KE, Cicala C, Anzala AO, Arthos J, Kimani J, Kaul R.

J Immunol. 2011 Dec 1;187(11):6032-42. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101836. Epub 2011 Nov 2.

PMID:22048765

Measurements of immune responses for establishing correlates of vaccine protection against HIV.

Burgers WA, Manrique A, Masopust D, McKinnon LR, Reynolds MR, Rolland M, Blish C, Chege GK, Curran R, Fischer W, Herrera C, Sather DN.

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012 Jul;28(7):641-8. doi: 10.1089/AID.2011.0239. Epub 2011 Sep 23.

PMID:21861777

HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation is prospectively associated with delayed disease progression.

McKinnon LR, Kaul R, Kimani J, Nagelkerke NJ, Wachihi C, Fowke KR, Ball TB, Plummer FA.

Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Mar;90(3):346-51. doi: 10.1038/icb.2011.44. Epub 2011 May 24.

PMID:21606945

Biological factors that may contribute to regional and racial disparities in HIV prevalence.

Kaul R, Cohen CR, Chege D, Yi TJ, Tharao W, McKinnon LR, Remis R, Anzala O, Kimani J.

Am J Reprod Immunol. 2011 Mar;65(3):317-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00962.x. Epub 2011 Jan 12. Review.

PMID:21223426

HIV vaccine efficacy trials: A brief history, and options for going forward.

McKinnon LR, Card CM; CIHR International Infectious Diseases and Global Health Training Program (IID&GHTP).

AIDS Rev. 2010 Oct-Dec;12(4):209-17. Review.

PMID:21179185

CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV) is highly expressed in peripheral blood of HIV-1 exposed uninfected female sex workers.

Songok EM, Osero B, McKinnon L, Rono MK, Apidi W, Matey EJ, Meyers AF, Luo M, Kimani J, Wachihi C, Ball BT, Plummer FA, Mpoke S.

Virol J. 2010 Nov 25;7:343. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-343.

PMID:21108831

Epitope mapping of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses by multiple immunological readouts reveals distinct specificities defined by function.

Richmond M, McKinnon LR, Kiazyk SA, Wachihi C, Kimani M, Kimani J, Plummer FA, Ball TB.

J Virol. 2011 Feb;85(3):1275-86. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01707-10. Epub 2010 Nov 17.

PMID:21084478

HIV-specific T cells: strategies for fighting a moving target.

McKinnon LR, Kaul R, Herman M, Plummer FA, Ball TB.

Curr HIV Res. 2010 Dec;8(8):587-95. Review.

PMID:21054251

Evaluation of a quantitative real-time PCR assay to measure HIV-specific mucosal CD8+ T cell responses in the cervix.

Chege D, Chai Y, Huibner S, McKinnon L, Wachihi C, Kimani M, Jaoko W, Kimani J, Ball TB, Plummer FA, Kaul R, Rebbapragada A.

PLoS One. 2010 Oct 7;5(10):e13077. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013077.

PMID:20949096

Effect of baseline HIV disease parameters on CD4+ T cell recovery after antiretroviral therapy initiation in Kenyan women.

McKinnon LR, Kimani M, Wachihi C, Nagelkerke NJ, Muriuki FK, Kariri A, Lester RT, Gelmon L, Ball TB, Plummer FA, Kaul R, Kimani J.

PLoS One. 2010 Jul 2;5(7):e11434. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011434.

PMID:20625393

The integrin alpha4beta7 forms a complex with cell-surface CD4 and defines a T-cell subset that is highly susceptible to infection by HIV-1.

Cicala C, Martinelli E, McNally JP, Goode DJ, Gopaul R, Hiatt J, Jelicic K, Kottilil S, Macleod K, O'Shea A, Patel N, Van Ryk D, Wei D, Pascuccio M, Yi L, McKinnon L, Izulla P, Kimani J, Kaul R, Fauci AS, Arthos J.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 8;106(49):20877-82. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0911796106. Epub 2009 Nov 20.

PMID:19933330

Clade-specific evolution mediated by HLA-B*57/5801 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade A1 p24.

McKinnon LR, Capina R, Peters H, Mendoza M, Kimani J, Wachihi C, Kariri A, Kimani M, Richmond M, Kiazyk SK, Fowke KR, Jaoko W, Luo M, Ball TB, Plummer FA.

J Virol. 2009 Dec;83(23):12636-42. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01236-09. Epub 2009 Sep 16.

PMID:19759140

Epitope mapping of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in a cohort dominated by clade A1 infection.

McKinnon LR, Mao X, Kimani J, Wachihi C, Semeniuk C, Mendoza M, Liang B, Luo M, Fowke KR, Plummer FA, Ball TB.

PLoS One. 2009 Sep 11;4(9):e6965. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006965.

PMID:19750221

HIV-1 RNA dysregulates the natural TLR response to subclinical endotoxemia in Kenyan female sex-workers.

Lester RT, Yao XD, Ball TB, McKinnon LR, Omange WR, Kaul R, Wachihi C, Jaoko W, Rosenthal KL, Plummer FA.

PLoS One. 2009 May 21;4(5):e5644. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005644.

PMID:19461969

Multiple T-cell epitopes overlap positively-selected residues in the p1 spacer protein of HIV-1 gag.

Semeniuk CA, McKinnon L, Peters HO, Gubbins M, Mao X, Ball TB, Luo M, Plummer FA.

AIDS. 2009 Apr 27;23(7):771-7. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832995e0.

PMID:19287301

Cervical HIV-specific IgA in a population of commercial sex workers correlates with repeated exposure but not resistance to HIV.

Horton RE, Ball TB, Wachichi C, Jaoko W, Rutherford WJ, Mckinnon L, Kaul R, Rebbapragada A, Kimani J, Plummer FA.

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009 Jan;25(1):83-92. doi: 10.1089/aid.2008.0207.

PMID:19108692

Substantial intrapatient differences in the breadth and specificity of HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell interferon-gamma and proliferation responses.

McKinnon LR, Ball TB, Wachihi C, Chinga N, Maingi A, Luo M, Fowke KR, Plummer FA.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Oct 1;49(2):123-7. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181869a88.

PMID:18769359

Toll-like receptor expression and responsiveness are increased in viraemic HIV-1 infection.

Lester RT, Yao XD, Ball TB, McKinnon LR, Kaul R, Wachihi C, Jaoko W, Plummer FA, Rosenthal KL.

AIDS. 2008 Mar 30;22(6):685-94. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f4de35.

PMID:18356597

Epitope cross-reactivity frequently differs between central and effector memory HIV-specific CD8+ T cells.

McKinnon LR, Ball TB, Wachihi C, McLaren PJ, Waruk JL, Mao X, Ramdahin S, Anzala AO, Kamene J, Luo M, Fowke KR, Plummer FA.

J Immunol. 2007 Mar 15;178(6):3750-6.

PMID:17339473

Cross-clade CD8(+) T-cell responses with a preference for the predominant circulating clade.

McKinnon LR, Ball TB, Kimani J, Wachihi C, Matu L, Luo M, Embree J, Fowke KR, Plummer FA.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Nov 1;40(3):245-9.

PMID:6249696